Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

1 - Assignment Example Women were the main source of labor and were expected to be highly productive in the society. Women were the major contributors during tilling and harvesting of land. In comparison, it should be clear that Egyptian practices were more inclined in religion contrary to the Mesopotamia’s that were scientifically driven (Wengrow, 2010). The architectural designs implored in constructions of the Egyptian Pyramids had more religious inclination than scientific. On the other hand, the dykes that were built along the Tigris and the Euphrates had more scientific backing than religious connotation. The other factor that made Mesopotamia more advanced than Egypt is that it had more trade links compared to Egypt. Mesopotamia had an extensive market across Asia for its clay products. Technologically, the wheel system which was invented in Mesopotamia catapulted transportation, farming and pottery to even greater levels of development than the more religion oriented Egypt (Walther, 1989). In conclusion, Egypt and Mesopotamia remain some of the ancient civilization courtesy of their strategic locations, technological adaptations, culture and religion.However.Mesopotamia witnessed more advanced than Egypt in terms of civilization because of its scientific orientation than

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sociology - Essay Example Business cannot operate anymore by simply imposing their own culture in the workplace as well as to the customers. One important element of culture is language. Language is not merely words, objects or symbols. In fact, language embodies the value systems of a group of people. There is an established communication process in a certain culture that must be observed. For example, the case of Chevy Nova which was a real blunder because the company failed to understand the context of the word in Latin America. Another glaring example of wrongly communicating a product to the public was Pepsi-Cola’s campaign that offended the Chinese people. People have deep reverence for ancestors and did not want any form of disrespect for their ancestors coming back from the grave. Usually, western cultures like that of the United States use euphemisms or symbols in their language. This creates miscommunication that puts the company’s products in a bad light. If Jerry’s company wou ld like to succeed in their overseas venture, then they should consult locals who are expert in marketing and media relations so their messages would sound appropriate to the public. Bartel’s study has established the fact that the highest learning comes from interaction among global teams. Each culture has its own strengths that can be harnessed so people can work productively. The case of the guy who worked with Russians show that some cultures respect hard work. It is indeed hard to acquire the trust and confidence of another culture because they have different values systems. The first step then could be working hard and showing that you mean business. On the other hand, the company should be firm yet considerate of its external environment. Shariff was right when he stated that simple things such as table manners can turn away clients resulting to lost income. It is very important for officers or managers assigned on an overseas assignment to study the culture of the cou ntry before making any policies or programs. A slight error can be costly as the case of Wal-Mart’s pull out in Germany costing the company 2 billion dollars. A good example of a company that succeeded is Mitsubishi because it imposes an international policy in the company that promotes to workers the value of cultural tolerance and respect for other human rights. Jerry can begin creating a committee that can formulate similar policies to start things right. Perhaps, seeking specialists in this area is a good idea as well as studying Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions for every country that they would expand. Hofstede’s study is valuable to people like Jerry to understand how and why certain groups of people act. For example, the Japanese highly value team work and frowns upon personal pride. Sales teams can be reworked in a way that it would promote teamwork in Japan rather than give the best salesperson lavish praises. Jerry and the committee can look for internat ional companies that have models of cultural tolerance in the workplace. Jerry should not be afraid of expanding although he has heard of many negative reports of big businesses like Wal-Mart and \Starbucks failing in another country. Instead, he can use these cases to prevent his company from following the same footstep. In the case of Starbucks in Australia, the company failed because at the very start of planning, the company analyzed only the business using a quantitative approach. It definitely created feasibility and

Discuss the role of multinationals in the globalisation of innovation Essay

Discuss the role of multinationals in the globalisation of innovation - Essay Example With such economic power, the dominance of multinationals as leaders in technological innovation and this can be seen by the fact that 98% of the expenditure on Research and Development (R&D) by the 700 top R&D spenders, is done by the multinationals (Castellani and Zanfei 2005); the magnitude of the statistics can be fully comprehended when we see that the R&D expenditure of few major multinationals is more than the expenditure of some countries. This paper will attempt to show the positive role multinationals have played in the globalization of innovation with more focus on the emerging economies. Section 1 of the paper will deal with how innovation activities take place in a multinational. Section 2 looks over the research conducted by Jasjit Singh in his paper ‘Multinational Firms and International Knowledge Diffusion: Evidence using Patent Citation Data†. ... a positive light, as companies that bring in much needed technology and technical support that allows the host country’s’ citizen to able to improve their standard of living. Section 4 of the paper deals how technological innovations have also caused a dramatic rise in international trade especially in sectors which have close link to technology. In the conclusion we sum up the arguments of how multinationals have caused innovations, moreover, many of these innovations are not just technological but also supply chain process. Section 1 Innovations carried out by Multinationals fall under the second category of global generation of innovation. Since these companies operate on such large scales they usually have their own internal innovative network units based in different host countries as well as the home country. One of the many reasons for this is that, it allows the company not only to effectively and efficiently provide innovative ideas to the subsidiary unit but a lso it allows the main unit to understand the practical application process of these strategies on the local market of the host country and impart the reason for success or failure of a subsidiary to the other units. The three main strategies many multinationals use to organize their internal innovative system as stated by Archibugi and Iammarino. Centre-for-global This strategy is more commonly known in the business world as the â€Å"octopus view† of the multinational organization. As the word octopus suggest. The head of the octopus symbolizes the headquarters of the company where the entire R&D takes place. It is also the place where the top management is located thus the entire strategic planning and ideas takes place here too. It distributes its technical expertise and plans to the subsidiary

Public health research paper outline Essay Example for Free

Public health research paper outline Essay I. Evidence of spanking as corporal punishment. a.Population: Children at school age (Forehand McMahon, 1981). The book successfully outlines the theoretical foundations of middle childhood and adolescence, in particular, the developmental tasks children are supposed to accomplish at certain age stage. The scholar also describes the distinctive features of boys’ and girls’ behavior and both implicitly and implicitly argues that mistakes and rule-breaking are critical in the process of obtaining autonomy in the middle childhood and early adolescence. b.Prevalence: About 55% adults reported they were physically punished in the childhood and teen years (Hyman, 1995). The article provides a detailed description of incidence and prevalence of spanking: for instance, it is stated that boys are punished more frequently than girls, parents with higher education and higher social class are less likely to spank; female parents use this disciplinary method more often than male. Moreover, the paper addresses the most common reasons minors are slapped for and the most widespread threats, associated with spanking (parental aggression, transition from punishment to revenge) . c. Significance: This is a debate that has been going on for decades. Some people believe it helps, others think it hinders a child’s social and behavioral development (Strauss and Donnelly, 2002). The writing is instrumental in its clear description of both parties of the spanking confrontation; importantly, the emphasis is placed upon the disputes between health care specialists and psychologists. The book also draws a distinction between spanking and physical abuse. II. Behavioral Dimensions. a. The impact of spanking on school behavior: Corporal punishment of children actually interferes with the process of learning and with their optimal development as socially responsible adults (Larzelere, 2005). The author provides a detailed review of existing studies, dedicated to the relationship between spanking and challenges in cognitive and emotional development. The article also illustrates the closed circle of physical punishment, which causes the fear of making a mistake and depresses concentration, critical thinking and initiative in behavior. b. Spanking and aggressive or violent behavior: Researchers have also found that children who are spanked show higher rates of aggression and delinquency in childhood than those who were not spanked (Polaha, Larzelere, Shapiro Pettit, 2004). The article points out the distinctive features and effects of spanking depending on ethnic group and shows that child maltreatment, or excessive use of physical measures, is an artificial means of disciplining minors, which does not allow them to develop self-discipline. In fact, when a child is battered at early age, they develop the convictions in the permissibility of misbehavior if it is not noticed by adults. Similarly, at older age, the person begins to believe that punishment will not follow a crime if the transgression is not revealed. III. Psycho-Social Dimensions. a. Impact of physical punishment on family atmosphere: When trust between children and their closest caretakers is damaged, the minor’s ability to form trusting relationships with others is also damaged, and the effect may be lifelong (Benjet Kazdin, 2003). The article addresses the numerous long-term intrafamilial difficulties, resulting from spanking adolescents, including the disappearance of respect and trust. b. Corporal punishment and antisocial behavior. Children show antisocial behaviors when corporal punishment is enforced: the probability of school dropout and minor crime increases.   (Grogan-Kaylor, 2005). The   research involved almost 2000 participants and was aimed at investigating the ways spanking impairs social life of male and female adolescents, their motivation to participate in community activities and social position in general. V. Prevention of Spanking. a. Strategies for strengthening mutual understanding between caregiver and minor: it is highly important that caregiver be aware of the causes of the child’s undesirable actions and the balancing options available (Strauss and Donnelly, 2002). The book also analyzes the relationship between parenting styles, family conflicts, socioeconomic background, parental values and child behavior, habits and conviction. b. Discipline strategies, involving no use of physical power. There are compliance-gaining strategies that work with children most of the time: harmless and non-stopping dialogue, interest in teenager’s life and emotional support by necessity (Larzelere Kuhn, 2005). The paper provides a very specific comparison of spanking and its â€Å"non-violence† alternatives and suggests that frequent spanking is much less helpful in the process of upbringing, except for the finding that it diminishes alcohol and substance abuse. VI. Legal Frameworks and Policy Interventions. a. Legal and policy aspects of spanking: there are no state laws against spanking, although 27 states have policies against the practice and this year Pennsylvania is debating becoming the 28th. Spanking in schools is currently allowed in 23 states although in many districts parents who object can withhold permission for school personnel to spank their kids (Durrant, 2004). The article draws parallels between children rights, declared in national and global legislation, and the state legal and policy foundations, regulating the treatment of minors. b. Health care and policy efforts: traditionally, moderate spanking is non-injurious, so health care associations and factions are neutrally disposed to such disciplinary measure, as opposed to civil society groups and religious organizations which seek to cultivate new upbringing patterns and incorporate them into public policies (Larzelere, 2005). The book contains useful information about the undertakings of child protection groups and agencies of the similar profile as well as community efforts, directed to parenting skills training and parent education in general.

Gender Socialisation through Religion and Family

Gender Socialisation through Religion and Family Introduction In this essay, I will be explaining the process of gender socialisation from a conflict perspective and will be discussing it in two socialisation agents. Which are Religion and Family. Gender socialisation is the process of learning the social desires and attitude related to ones sex. Through gender socialisation, sociologists clarify the behaviour of human males and female and how they act or conduct themselves in various ways and how they learn different roles. Conflict theory From a conflict theorists point of view of gender socialisation is a process of a young male to become a dominant gender to maintain power and privilege in society, however, females are a subordinate group which means men are higher than females. Conflict between parents and the children is very normal for a family. Many times, children have these feelings that their parents do not really understand them these days. In every generation, there are everyday struggle between parents and children, which is when parents tend to push their children too far and expecting too much from them, and the child is blamed for not trying hes/her best. So looking at this the parents are the dominant (men) and the kids are the subordinate (female) Two socialisation agents Religion One socialisations agent that is introduced is religion. Religion is a belief system, in which individual praise or worship a supernatural being. This has a major influence on a childs gender because it gives a pre-conceived set of rules of a person of a specific gender is supposed to act. according to Carl Marx he saw religion as a class divided societies (Gidden Sutton 2014), for instance, how Roman Catholics believed that they should hold on to the traditional ways by being in church praising and worship in God and that they were guaranteed a road to heaven, but some other religion disagrees to that like the Protestant beliefs system believes in encouraging members to embrace changes (Hendslin et al. 2013). But for most familys religion was not just holding the belief to faith in communities and religious activities. But also, meant putting religious beliefs into their everyday lives. It was recognised that parents have a huge part in shaping childrens beliefs in religion, like h aving their children pray every day, before and after their meals and mostly talking about religion itself to children at a young age, as parents they consider it as part of their parenting responsibilities to pass on the faith to their children as sometimes following rules as stated in the bible for example Leviticus chapter 20 verse 13 says: And if a man has sex relations with a man, the two of them have done a disgusting thing: let them be put to death; their blood will be on them(Leviticus 20 n.d.). Family Another socialisation agent is family. A family is a group that consist two parents and their children living together. This agent has a major impact on a childs gender socialisation because as new parent they will begin to create an environment for their boys and girls. Also, Parents will tend to treat their girls and boys differently by encouraging different gender stereotype activities. This include the toys that parents purchase for their children for example the boys are usually given toy vehicle, action figures and sports equipment for them to play with and for girls they were usually given a baby doll, dress-up toys and make up. not only do they purchase toys but they also dress up in gender-specific colours for instance how girls colour is usually pink and for the boys it blue (Berryman, Power Hollit n.d.). REFERENCES Gidden, A Sutton, WP 2014, Essential concept in sociology, Polity Press, United Kingdom. Hendslin, MJ, Possamai, MA, Possamai-Inesedy, LA, Majoribanks,T Elder, C 2013, Sociology: a down to earth approach, 2nd edn, Pearson Australia. Leviticus 20:13 n.d.,Viewed March 2017, http://www.biblestudytools.com/leviticus/20-13.html Berryman, K, Power, R Hollit n.d., viewed March 2017, http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2002/family/gender.ht

The 1947 Roswell Crash Essays -- Aviation

In 1947, an unidentified flying object crashed into the small town of Roswell, New Mexico. The United States Air Force published a report in 1994. So why do conspiracists still believe an alien crashed into Roswell? After a hot humid day in July 1947, severe and violent thunderstorms filled the night sky. Long time farmer, Mac Brazel was used to thunder, and storms out in the country. Although something about this night was different. He heard an extremely loud crash, though didn’t think much of it. The next morning however, Brazel stumbled upon the debris of a strange object on his farm. Brazel brought some of the material to a nearby neighbor who urged him to report his find in hopes of getting a reward. Brazel informed the sheriff of Chaves County about the strange material, and he was sure it was the remains of a â€Å"flying disc†. The Sheriff then informed the Roswell Air Force Base. Major Jesse Marcel immediately looked into the matter. Colonel William Blanchard ordered the debris field to be cordoned off, and began the investigation. On July 8th, Blanchard ordered a press release confirming that the Air Force had a â€Å"flying disc† in its possession. Shortly after, the statement was revoked and a new statement was made that it was not in fact a flying disc but a high altitude weather balloon. Major Edwin Easley was ordered to shut down all roads to the crash site and to black out information about the crash field. The debris was removed from the small Roswell farm and transferred to Eighth Air Force Headquarters in Ft. Worth Texas, under the command of General Roger Ramey. According to some witnesses, Colonel Dubose in Houston received a classified phone call from a â€Å"very high† authority ordering him to devise a cover-up stor... ...documents were destroyed. Congressman Steve Schiff also had problems with the report. Important documents that could have illuminated what really happened in Roswell, we reported destroyed. Despite what these critics say about the report, many other UFO researchers concluded that project Mogul was the best explanation for what crashed in Roswell, New Mexico in July, 1947. Works Cited Jeffrey, Kent. "Roswell: The Whole Story." CUFOs. (2004): n. page. Web. . Malone, Guy. "Roswell UFO Crash." Alien Resistance.org. (2002): n. page. Web. . Rudiak, David. "Roswell Proof." (2001): n. page. Web . Dean, Richard. "Roswell, The Facts, Truths and Eyewitness Accounts." UFO Evidence. (2011): n. page. Web. .

The Vital Event and Its Part on the Life of Greeks

Community service projects, local charity fundraising and leadership, these are just a few of the positive ways sororities and fraternities (greeks) contribute to local society. How is it that only the negative stereotypes are more widely known throughout most college campuses? Although the preconceived notions about greeks are that hey all lie, cheat, drink, party all night, get into trouble, don†t offer anything positive to society and most of all pay money to buy their friends. Yes, some greeks may fit some of these descriptions, but not all. In a questionnaire given to Ho Le of the Central Florida Chapter of the Delta Upsilon International Fraternity explains how organizations can portray themselves positively to local society. Our Community service must be presented better to the public, so that everyone is aware of our projects, and that we do help the community in our own ways. Greek organizations must also stop completely the actions that the public associates with us, and sometimes holds true, including (and not limited to) hazing, binge drinking and the use of drugs at parties. A philanthropic event also known as community service is a vital part of greek life. For example Alpha Xi Delta Sorority†s national philanthropy is â€Å"Choose Children,† which is a way for various chapters to raise money for local children organizations in their community. They also hold an annual Xi-Man competition for the fraternities on campus in order to raise money for local children†s charities. As well as being involved with one†s fraternity or sorority, greek life helps one become involved on their campus. Leadership opportunities are made more available to the greek system. Through social interaction with your greek organization you are educated with vast opportunities of leadership on campus and even within your local chapter. Running for office within student government is not your only option for leadership. Within each greek organization there are many positions that offer great leadership advancements. Not just in college life, but with experience in greek life it can help you progress in the â€Å"real world.† For example, when one goes to an interview, it is much like going through the rush and pledging periods. When one is rushed and pledged it can be evenly compared with the interview and hiring stages of getting a job. Therefore, experiencing it earlier in life will better prepare you for future occupations. While alcohol abuse, other drug use, and underage drinking among college students are by no means limited to greek organizations, it is important to target fraternity and sorority members with prevention efforts. A 1993 survey of over 17,000 students at 140 four-year colleges in 40 states found that 86 percent of students who lived in fraternities were binge drinkers-that is, had consumed at lest five drinks at one sitting during the previous two weeks-compared with 50 percent of male students overall. Although greeks may represent a small percentage of the total student population at most schools, fraternity and sorority members generally have considerable influence on the social scene and the social norms on campus. Greeks Advocating Mature Management of Alcohol, or GAMMA, the greek arm of this network, was started in 1987 as a way to involve fraternity and sorority members in alcohol education on campus. This organization (GAMMA) works in conjunction with the greek organizations to help control alcohol consumption at socials and registered parties. Being in a greek organization does not go without dues. Yes, most people may think that being in a sorority or fraternity means that you have bought your friendships. Everything that one can gain by experiencing greek life is much more valuable than the amount of money spent for dues. Almost every club on campus requires some type of dues to be paid, so greeks are not the only ones paying. The life experience one gains through the sorority or fraternity can greatly help one become an active citizen in society. Trying to search for a job that suits the needs of one†s life and to provide what the employer wants, is much like going through the rush process. Rush is a way for the current fraternity or sorority members to meet and interview potential new members (pledges). The male or female going through rush is trying to show what they can offer the greek organization and the organization is trying to find out who can contribute to them. The main problem is that greeks are perceived of being an elite, selective group of people. How can an organization that has been branded with stereotypes turn that away from society. Informing those that are willing to listen is a very effective way greeks can come out from the stereotypes.